Nora Paladan and granddaughter Sophia Monsanto sit among the garbage as they look for reusable materials under the Marcos bridge in Marikina, November 26, 2020. George Calvelo, ABS-CBN News/File
PARIS, France — The United Nations said Wednesday the 1.5C target would be missed and outlined how global temperatures might be brought back down in a first-of-its-kind assessment met with dismay in climate-vulnerable nations.
UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres last year acknowledged the inevitability of overshooting 1.5C in the next few years but this assessment is the first by a UN agency to unambiguously state the target would be breached.
Scientists agree that warming above 1.5C relative to pre-industrial times poses grave risks and nearly 200 nations committed a decade ago to try and keep global temperature rises to this safer threshold.
But in a much-anticipated report involving dozens of scientists, the UN Environment Program (UNEP) said the best remaining option had shifted "from avoiding overshoot to navigating it".
"It's a reality check. We have to live with this warmer world... but there's still a lot we can do to limit warming," said report co-author Richard Betts from the University of Exeter.
The report "was about responses rather than just sort of saying it is happening", he told journalists.
Fellow author Debra Roberts said it was important for policymakers "to realise the rules of the game are now changing".
"I think for me that's the clarion call... we now have to reconfigure our climate governance around dealing with an overshoot pathway. None of our plans are prepared for that," said Roberts from the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
'DANGEROUS WATERS'
A man drains water from his boat tied on the shores of the Pasig River in Baseco Compound, Tondo Manila on September 11, 2021 as dark clouds loom overhead. In their 11am bulletin, state weather bureau PAGASA says that Typhoon Kiko has slightly weakened moving over the coastal waters of Itbayat, Batanes, and will continue to enhance the Southwest Monsoon, which will bring rains over Metro Manila. George Calvelo, ABS-CBN News/File
UNEP had warned that meeting the 1.5C target was becoming increasingly unlikely as heat-trapping emissions rose year after year and global temperatures steadily climbed.
But its latest report marks a departure, stating in no uncertain terms that "global action to cut greenhouse gas emissions has not been fast enough to avoid global warming crossing 1.5C".
The blunt message "really struck those who live in low-lying atolls", said Climate Minister Maina Talia of Tuvalu, a Pacific nation threatened by rising sea levels.
Marshall Islands climate envoy Tina Stege said "with the overshoot that is now certain ahead of us, we are fighting against a very strong current that's sweeping us into very dangerous waters".
The Alliance of Small Island States, a grouping of 39 developing coastal nations, said the report "must be a wake-up call to act with far greater urgency."
"Fundamentally, it must be made clear that 1.5C is not an arbitrary goal that countries can waffle on or walk away from," it said.
'HEARTBREAKING'
Children gather garbage near the mouth of Pasig river that connects it to Manila Bay in Baseco Compound in Tondo, Manila on World Environment Day, June 5, 2021. In 1972, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly designated the 5th of June as World Environment Day to raise awareness and collective action on environmental issues such as marine pollution, global warming, sustainable consumption, and wildlife crime. George Calvelo, ABS-CBN News/File
"1.5 to stay alive!" is a familiar rally cry at the annual COP summits and the target has been a north star for the climate movement.
"This is a heartbreaking moment, but overshoot is not the reason to give up and surrender 1.5C", said Jasper Inventor from Greenpeace International.
Rachel Cleetus from the Union of Concerned Scientists said breaching 1.5C was "a monumental climate injustice that will impose the worst harms on those who have contributed the least to the climate crisis".
The report said it was "theoretically possible" to reverse global warming once the 1.5C threshold is crossed but great uncertainty remains.
Even under the most optimistic scenario, global temperatures would still need to peak at 1.8C to have any chance of returning to 1.5C this century.
And to achieve this, carbon dioxide removal -- such as planting trees or using technology to pull carbon from the air -- would be required at enormous scale alongside major, rapid cuts to greenhouse gas emissions.
Guterres said such an effort would require "an overshoot of ambition".
"The fight for 1.5 degrees is the fight for humanity," he said on Wednesday.
NO GOOD OUTCOMES
Residents of North Libis, Barangay Banaba in San Mateo Rizal continue to clean up the mud that was left behind by the flash flood brought in by Typhoon Ulysses, a month after the typhoon hit, December 12, 2020. George Calvelo, ABS-CBN News/File
At present, carbon removal plays a vanishingly small part in tackling climate change and faces strong opposition.
"The only way to minimize harm is a rapid, just phaseout of all fossil fuels... not speculative technofixes," said Lili Fuhr from campaign organisation CIEL.
The world has already warmed roughly 1.4C since 1850-1900 mostly from the burning of fossil fuels and the last three years have been the hottest on record.
Scientists say any overshoot of 1.5C threatens more extreme weather and risks irreversible changes like the loss of ice sheets and coral reefs.
UNEP executive director Inger Andersen said there "are no good outcomes if we remain above 1.5C".
"Let's be very clear -- that 1.5C target is still the goal. But now, we need to approach it differently: from above," Andersen told journalists.
© Agence France-Presse
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